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Businesses: Four tips to avoid dependency or vulnerability in your use of AI
While the world is focused on how the tariff war is affecting various products, it may be overlooking the risks the war is posing to information technology. Yet, many businesses rely on artificial intelligence to provide their services, and many of these technologies are powered by large language models, such as the widely-used ChatGPT. It is relevant to ask whether businesses should rely on purely US-based technology service providers. There is talk of using Chinese alternatives, such as DeepSeek, but their use raises questions about data security and the associated control over information. Back in 2023, Professor Teresa Scassa wrote that, when it comes to artificial intelligence, sovereignty can take on many forms, such as state sovereignty, community sovereignty over data and individual sovereignty.1 Others have even suggested that AI will force the recalibration of international interests.2 In our current context, how can businesses protect themselves from the volatility caused by the actions of foreign governments? We believe that it’s precisely by exercising a certain degree of sovereignty over their own affairs that businesses can guard against such volatility. A few tips: Understand Intellectual property issues: Large language models underlying the majority of artificial intelligence technologies are sometimes offered under open-source licenses, but certain technologies are distributed under restrictive commercial licenses. It is important to understand the limits imposed by the licenses under which these technologies are offered. Some language model owners reserve the right to alter or restrict the technology’s functionality without notice. Conversely, permissive open-source licenses allow a language model to be used without time restrictions. From a strategic standpoint, businesses should keep intellectual property rights over their data compilations that can be integrated into artificial intelligence solutions. Consider other options: Whenever technology is used to process personal information, a privacy impact assessment is required by law before such technology is acquired, developed or redesigned.[3] Even if a privacy impact assessment is not legally required, it is prudent to assess the risks associated with technological choices. If you are dealing with a technology that your service provider integrates, check whether there are alternatives. Would you be able to quickly migrate to one of these if you faced issues? If you are dealing with custom solution, check whether it is limited to a single large language model. Adopt a modular approach: When a business chooses an external service provider to provide a large language model, it is often because the provider offers a solution that is integrated to other applications that the business already uses, or because it provides an application programming interface developed specifically for the business. In making such a choice, you should determine whether the service provider can replace the language model or application if problems were to arise. If the technology in question is a fully integrated solution from a service provider, find out whether the provider offers sufficient guarantees that it could replace a language model if it were no longer available. If it is a custom solution, find out whether the service provider can, right from the design stage, provide for the possibility of replacing one language model with another. Make a proportionate choice: Not all applications require the most powerful language models. If your technological objective is middle-of-the-road, you can consider more possibilities, including solutions hosted on local servers that use open-source language models. As a bonus, if you choose a language model proportionate to your needs, you are helping to reduce the environmental footprint of these technologies in terms of energy consumption. These tips each require different steps to be put into practice. Remember to take legal considerations, in addition to technological constraints, into account. Licenses, intellectual property, privacy impact assessments and limited liability clauses imposed by certain service providers are all aspects that need to be considered before making any changes. This isn’t just about being prudent—it’s about taking advantage of the opportunity our businesses have to show they are technologically innovative and exercise greater control over their futures. Scassa, T. 2023. “Sovereignty and the governance of artificial intelligence.” 71 UCLA L. Rev. Disc. 214. Xu, W., Wang, S., & Zuo, X. 2025. “Whose victory? A perspective on shifts in US-China cross-border data flow rules in the AI era.” The Pacific Review, 1–27. See in particular the Act respecting the protection of personal information in the private sector, CQLR c. P-39.1, s. 3.3.
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2025-2026 Quebec Budget: A review of Quebec mining taxation - Challenges to be met, opportunities to be seized
On March 25 last, the Quebec Minister of Finance unveiled his 2025-2026 budget, which significantly transforms the tax landscape of the mining sector in Quebec. This budget introduces major changes to the flow-through share regime and to the tax credit relating to resources, which will have significant implications for investors and businesses in the natural resources sector. Changes to the flow-through share regime Abolition of both 10% additional deductions As part of the review of its tax expenditures, the government has decided to adjust the flow-through share regime. As a result, the following deductions have been abolished: the additional 10% deduction for certain exploration expenses incurred in Quebec by a mining corporation that does not exploit any mineral resources; the additional 10% deduction for certain surface mining exploration expenses incurred in Quebec by a mining corporation that does not exploit any mineral resources. With some exceptions1, these changes will apply to flow-through shares issued after March 25, 2025. It should also be noted that the budget abolishes the additional capital gains exemption resulting from the divestiture of certain resource-related properties, such as flow-through shares. On the other hand, the additional deduction for certain issuance costs seems to be maintained. Changes to the tax credit relating to resources Despite these abolitions, the budget does include some positive news for the critical and strategic metals sector. The budget provides for a temporary increase in the rates of the tax credit relating to resources for eligible expenses related to critical and strategic minerals. Until December 31, 2029, a 45% tax credit rate will apply to these costs for eligible corporations, that is, those that do not exploit any mineral resources, and 20% for other eligible corporations, that is, those that exploit mineral resources. For the purposes of the tax credit relating to resources, critical minerals will refer to the following minerals: antimony, bismuth, cadmium, cesium, copper, tin, gallium, indium, tellurium and zinc. Strategic minerals are defined as cobalt, rare earth elements, platinum group elements, graphite (natural), lithium, magnesium, nickel, niobium, scandium, tantalum, titanium and vanadium. Several other technical changes have also been made to the tax credit relating to resources. These will be the subject of a more detailed bulletin at a later date. The changes introduced by the 2025-2026 Quebec budget will certainly have an impact on the tax planning of enterprises and investors in the natural resources sector. Our team of mining law and tax professionals is ready to answer all your questions regarding these new measures. We can assist you in developing your mining investment projects in Quebec, maximizing the benefits of the enhanced rates of the tax credit relating to resources, as well as in implementing successful flow-through financing. These amendments will not apply to shares issued after March 25, 2025, but before January 1, 2026, provided that they are issued following an application for a preliminary prospectus receipt made no later than March 25, 2025. Nor will they apply to shares issued after March 25, 2025, if issued following a public announcement made no later than March 25, 2025, and if the report of distribution form is submitted to the Autorité des marchés financiers no later than May 31, 2025.
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Lavery supports Moov AI with its sale to Publicis Groupe
On March 27, 2025, Moov AI, Canada’s leading artificial intelligence and data solutions company, announced that it entered into a definitive agreement to be acquired by Publicis Groupe. The combination of Moov AI’s best-in-class consulting, proprietary solutions and insights coupled with Publicis Groupe’s CoreAI offering will add a powerful AI-driven engine and set of capabilities for Publicis Groupe Canada to leverage in-market and with its clients. Francis Dumoulin had the privilege of representing and advising Moov AI shareholders in the sale to Publicis Groupe, with Alexandre Hébert’s support and Siddhartha Borissov-Beausoleil’s contribution in closing the transaction.
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Airudi: Rapid, people-centric growth powered by AI
Growth is nothing new at Airudi. This rising AI star has consistently doubled or even tripled its sales every year since its launch in 2019. “We’re HR specialists. Growth is in our DNA,” says Amanda Arciero, Co-founder and VP Operations at Airudi. Airudi’s algorithm automates HR decision-making processes, helping companies make strategic decisions faster. Its AI-powered solution is designed by and for people and is rapidly gaining in popularity. “It’s like a virtual HR manager,” says Pape Wade, CEO and Co-founder of Airudi. Pape was once HR director of a large company with 3,000 employees, and Amanda was his senior advisor when they made the same observation: “HR was essentially a support function. Most professionals were consumed by repetitive tasks and time-consuming processes,” says Amanda. “Plus, we were seeing tons of data accumulate in filing cabinets and spreadsheets that we weren’t using at all.” Amanda and Pape decide to leave their respective jobs to pursue an ambitious goal: to use the data accumulated by HR departments to automate administrative workflows and put people back at the heart of organizations. Thus Airudi was born. The two entrepreneurs landed their first major contract worth $3 million in 2020. Year after year, they continued to gain new customers in Canada, Europe and, more recently, Africa. Their growth has been organic but skyrocketing. In five years, Airudi has become a leader in the AI community and the HR sector. Thanks to strategic partnerships, over 5,000 companies worldwide now use their products. From left to right: Amanda Arciero and Pape Wade. Airudi’s added value With some 50 employees in Quebec, Ontario and Senegal, Airudi currently offers three AI-powered solutions: workforce prediction and allocation, occupational health and safety, and enhanced recruitment. “Our goal is to reach around $100 million in profit by 2028,” says Amanda. The company’s name, Airudi, is pronounced like the word érudit (“erudite” in French). It’s a nod to Airudi’s multi-disciplinary team of artificial intelligence, data science, human resources and business intelligence experts. The secret to their success? According to the two entrepreneurs, it’s a combination of several factors. 1. Putting people first First of all, Airudi’s algorithm addresses a major concern for the HR sector. We’re using digital intelligence to make HR teams more efficient and productive, allowing them to focus on what matters: creating human connections. Amanda Arciero, Co-founder and VP Operations, Airudi Amanda gives the example of the recruitment platform, which helps customers recruit better, faster and on a larger scale by automatically matching profiles to vacant positions and ensuring fast and efficient follow-up and interview scheduling. “By reducing the time spent on recruitment, our customers can spend more time building relationships with candidates and successfully onboarding them into the company,” says Amanda. Two other strengths of the Airudi solution: quality and granularity. “The CFO of a company with 3,000 employees is not at all the same thing as the CFO of a company with 30 employees. Our algorithm captures this kind of nuance.” 80%: Reduction in recruitment time when using Airudi’s enhanced recruitment solution. A people-centric approach guides the company’s own business strategy, not just its product development. The first team that Airudi hired—even before building a technology team and thinking about fundraising—was an advisory board made up of experienced businesspeople including Robert Dutton, ex-CEO of Rona, Frantz Saintellemy, President and CEO of LeddarTech, and Julie Plouffe, Partner, SVP Finance and Chief Accounting Officer at Sagard. “We learned together and built Airudi together,” says Pape. “Our advisory board continues to give us invaluable insight.” Next, the two entrepreneurs established strategic partnerships with researchers working in Quebec’s top AI network. With highly skilled employees ranging from masters-holders to post-docs, Airudi has developed an SaaS (Software as a Service) business model that guarantees financial stability through recurring revenues. 2. Building strategic partnerships Strategic partnerships were also important to the company’s growth. “We operate mainly through redistribution partnerships or marketing agreements,” says Amanda. “We talk more about partners than customers at Airudi.” One of Airudi’s most promising partnerships is with the Maritime Employers Association (MEA), the organization that manages the workforce at the Port of Montreal. Since ship arrivals and departures don’t follow a regular daily schedule, the MEA had to ask terminal operators to determine their labour requirements for the next day. Port employees’ schedules were generated daily at 6 p.m. Taking into account port traffic, weather conditions, and the quantity and type of cargo, Airudi developed an algorithm that optimizes workforce allocation while respecting collective agreements, the availability of port workers and the skills required. “Our solution accurately predicts ship arrival times up to 21 days in advance, ensuring smooth operations in the port and reducing workforce allocation errors from 30% to 15%, generating significant savings in labour costs,” says Amanda. The partnership with the Port of Montreal has opened doors in Europe. The Quebec-based company subsequently developed a strategic partnership with SOGET, a French company specializing in streamlining logistics flows, covering 40 logistics sites in 8 countries. More recently, Airudi has adapted its predictive solution to provide Urgences-santé with a similar paramedical staff planning tool. 3. You’re never too small to go international International expansion is another successful strategy that has put wind in the company’s sails. “Innovation is experienced differently in North America, Europe and Africa,” says Pape. “We’re an innovative company. It’s important to have these different perspectives.” Many companies say to themselves: We’re going to make our name on the Quebec market, then go international. I think this is a mistake. We had five employees and were already developing the international market.” Pape Wade, CEO and Co-founder of Airudi Airudi has already had customers in Europe for two years and has just opened offices in Pape’s native Senegal. The growth and innovation potential of the African market is still underestimated. “Our Cameroonian-born scientific director, Foutse Khomh, ranks as the world’s fourth most prolific researcher in terms of publications in AI, and he ranks first in Canada. There’s a lot of talent and growth potential on the African continent,” says Amanda. Currently, 80% of Airudi’s sales are generated in Canada, 12% in Europe and 8% in Africa. As it expands its international footprint, the SME remains firmly rooted in the Quebec technology community. “When it comes to innovation, we’re very strong in Quebec, with access to the best talent and researchers,” says Pape, who also sits on the board of Mila – Quebec AI Institut. Growth, but not at any price AI is a powerful tool, but one that raises a number of ethical issues. “We’re making the same mistake we made with the environment. If we don’t put the responsible side of AI first, we’ll soon hit a wall.” Pape Wade, CEO and Co-founder, Airudi Each year, Pape and Amanda participate in a strategic planning exercise to ensure that Airudi’s business objectives and technological advancement are aligned with its values. Are we creating a positive impact for the benefit of society, employees and customers? Do we create people-centric products? Are we making good use of technology? “We put a lot of thought into all our decisions. If there’s growth potential, but it’s not aligned with our values, we won’t consider it.” Amanda Arciero, Co-founder and VP Operations, Airudi Pape likes to use the analogy of agriculture when talking about Airudi’s growth strategy: “Seeds are carefully sown and tended until they flower successfully. You have to be patient.” For example, the strategic partnership with SOGET came about after a year and a half of work and meetings. “A partnership that opens the door to 40 ports around the world certainly takes time,” says Pape. Conclusion Putting people back at the centre of organizations. Customers who become partners. Learning from other perspectives and approaches. Growth, but not at any price. In five years, Pape and Amanda have built a winning strategy. Today, Airudi is a solid company rooted in sustainable values. What’s next? According to Amanda, the more we look to the future, the more technology will be part of our lives. It’s essential to shore up companies against current challenges, including labour shortages, the arrival of new generations on the job market and inflation. Airudi is currently looking for ways to further democratize access to its solutions, so that all organizations can benefit from them—while still centring people, being responsible, and creating value for companies and workers. “Our philosophy is not to make money. Our philosophy is to create innovative, caring, people-centred technology that creates a positive impact. Usually, when you focus on good business, success and growth naturally follow,” says Amanda.
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Lavery supports Oliva Capital in its buyout of VoIP.ms
Lavery is pleased to have supported Oliva Capital in its recent acquisition of a majority stake in VoIP.ms, and in the addition of Fondaction to the shareholder base of this innovative IP telephony company. This major transaction had the financial support of Desjardins and BDC Capital and was an important milestone for VoIP.ms; this first institutional partnership is a strategic step towards fast-tracking the company’s growth and expanding its services. Lavery played a key role in the deal, providing legal and strategic expertise on several fronts. In collaboration with KPMG, Lavery helped Oliva Capital set up a pre-closing tax reorganization to optimize the deal’s structure. Our team also led the drafting and negotiation of the main agreements and set up the credit facilities. The Lavery team was spearheaded by our Business Law partner, Étienne Brassard, with support from Bernard Trang, Julie Aubin-Perron, Francis Sabourin and Jen Deruchie. About Oliva Capital Oliva Capital is a private investment firm composed of an ecosystem of diversified companies. Through its financial expertise, as well as its strategic and operational guidance, Oliva elevates promising businesses to sustainable growth. The firm takes a collaborative and proactive approach to investment and aims to have a positive impact on the communities where it operates. About Lavery Lavery is the leading independent law firm in Québec. Its more than 200 professionals, based in Montréal, Québec City, Sherbrooke and Trois-Rivières, work every day to offer a full range of legal services to organizations doing business in Québec. Recognized by the most prestigious legal directories, Lavery professionals are at the heart of what is happening in the business world and are actively involved in their communities. The firm's expertise is frequently sought after by numerous national and international partners to provide support in cases under Québec jurisdiction.
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Lavery Advises Technicolor Canada on the Sale of Mikros Animation
This March 25th, 2025, the Superior Court of Quebec approved the sale of "Mikros Animation", the cartoon animation division of Technicolor Canada, Inc., a Canadian subsidiary of the Technicolor Group. Lavery had the privilege of advising Technicolor Canada on this transaction, which was part of the court-ordered reorganization of the corporations that make up the Technicolor Group. Simultaneously with the acquisition of the assets of the "Mikros Animation" division in Quebec, the buyer, RodeoFx, will also acquire the assets of the "Mikros Animation" division in France. This would greatly facilitate the closing of the transaction, considering that the Technicolor group is an internationally integrated company. Still due to the international component of the "Mikros Animation" division's operations, this simultaneous acquisition of it's assets in Quebec and France required the unprecedented collaboration of the Tribunal des Activités Économiques de Paris and the Quebec Superior Court. Completion of the transaction will ensure the continued operation of the "Mikros Animation" division in both Quebec and France and preserve up to 207 jobs in Montreal in the specialized field of animation, in addition to the 80 jobs in the "Mikros Animation" division in France. The Lavery team led by Sébastien Vézina and Jean Legault also included Martin Pichette, Marc Ouellet, Jessica Parent, Ouassim Tadlaoui, David Tournier, David Choinière, Jean-Paul Timothée and Yasmine Belrachid. About LaveryLavery is the leading independent law firm in Québec. Its more than 200 professionals, based in Montréal, Québec City, Sherbrooke and Trois-Rivières, work every day to offer a full range of legal services to organizations doing business in Québec. Recognized by the most prestigious legal directories, Lavery professionals are at the heart of what is happening in the business world and are actively involved in their communities. The firm's expertise is frequently sought after by numerous national and international partners to provide support in cases under Québec jurisdiction.
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