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case,)-22( intellectual)-41( property)-38( protections)-50( are)-26( limited)-52( and)-38( the)-22( object)-38( is)-43( more)-16( focused)-27( on)]TJ EMC /P <>BDC 0 -1.235 TD [(developing)-46( knowledge)-43( through)-21( sharing.)-31( Many)-26( IT)-52( companies)-47( or)-52( consortia)-2( of)-48( universities)-58( join)-32( together)]TJ EMC /P <>BDC 0 -1.235 TD [(in)-45( collaborative)-34( groups)-2( to)-48( develop)-27( skills)-10( and)-38( knowledge)-43( with)-46( a)-32( view)-59( to)-48( pursuing)-47( a)-32( common)-48( research)]TJ EMC /P <>BDC 0 Tw 0 -1.235 TD (goal.)Tj EMC /P <>BDC /TT1 1 Tf 0.016 Tw 0 -2.176 TD [( Joining)-8( a)-32( competitive)-2( market)]TJ EMC /P <>BDC /TT0 1 Tf 0 -2.176 TD [(In)-48( this)-32( case,)-22( intellectual)-41( property)-38( protections)-50( are)-26( robust)-44( and)-38( there)-15( is)-43( hardly)-42( any)-35( exchange)-17( of)]TJ EMC /P <>BDC 0 -1.235 TD [(information.)-11( The)-42( ultimate)-28( goal)-51( is)-43( profit)-12( maximization.)-6( 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the)-22( owner,)]TJ EMC /P <>BDC T* [(allowing)-35( it)-29( to)-48( prevent)-18( third)-55( parties)-58( from copying)-24( the)-22( protected)-7( technology.)-4( However,)-12( studies)-8( have)]TJ EMC /P <>BDC 0 -1.471 TD [(shown)-51( that)-38( the)-22( imitation)-42( of)-48( a)-32( technology)-46( by)-3( a)-32( competitor)-38( can)-35( be)-6( beneficial.)]TJ EMC ET /P <>BDC BT /CS1 cs 0 0 1 scn /TT0 1 Tf 0 Tw 8.6897 0 0 8.6897 412.7586 342.6207 Tm (2)Tj ET /CS1 CS 0 0 1 SCN 0.621 w q 1 0 0 1 412.7586 342.0001 cm 0 0 m 4.966 0 l S Q EMC BT /P <>BDC /CS0 cs 0 scn /TT0 1 Tf 0.016 Tw 10.5517 0 0 10.5517 417.7241 338.8966 Tm [( Other)-28( research)-51( has)-35( also)]TJ EMC /P <>BDC -33.824 -1.235 Td [(shown)-51( that)-38( a)-32( market)-3( with)-45( strong)-44( intellectual)-41( property)-38( protections)-50( increases)-15( the)-22( momentum)-58( of)]TJ EMC /P <>BDC T* [(technological)-46( advances.)]TJ EMC ET /P <>BDC BT /CS1 cs 0 0 1 scn /TT0 1 Tf 0 Tw 8.6897 0 0 8.6897 174.4138 314.069 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company)-2( had)-38( no)-6( expertise)-2( in)-46( manufacturing)-17( this)-32( component.)-10( These)-44( pumps)-58( were)-9( indispensable,)]TJ EMC /P <>BDC 0 -1.235 TD [(because)-43( they)-51( had)-38( to)-48( be)-6( screwed)-42( onto)-54( the)-22( bottles)-54( to)-48( pump)-28( the)-22( soap.)-25( At)-55( that)-38( time,)-9( the)-22( patent)-43( on)-6( liquid)]TJ EMC /P <>BDC 0 -1.235 TD [(soap)-8( had)-38( already)-15( been)-11( filed)-48( and)-38( Mr.)-27( Taylor\222s)-29( invention)-57( could)-22( not)-22( be)-6( patented.)-6( To)-9( prevent)-18( his)]TJ EMC /P <>BDC 0 -1.235 TD [(competitors)-8( from copying)-25( his)-16( invention,)-14( Taylor)-45( placed)-54( a)-32( $12)-38( million)-49( order)-19( with)-45( the)-22( two)-32( sole)-48( plastic)]TJ EMC /P <>BDC 0 -1.235 TD [(pump)-28( manufacturers.)-37( This)-52( had)-38( the)-22( effect)-25( of)-48( saturating)-21( the)-22( market)-3( for)-9( nearly)-42( 18)-6( months,)-31( giving)-35( Mr.)]TJ EMC /P <>BDC T* [(Taylor)-45( an)-6( edge)-11( over)-55( his)-16( competitors)-8( who)-48( were)-9( then)-54( unable)-57( to)-48( compete)-47( because)-44( of)-48( the)-22( lack)-45( of)]TJ EMC /P <>BDC 0 -1.235 TD [(availability)-35( of)-48( soap)-8( pumps)-58( from manufacturers.)]TJ EMC /P <>BDC 0 -2.176 TD [(ARM)-13( processors)-51( are)-26( a)-32( good)-11( example)-45( of)-48( the)-22( use)-35( of)-48( open)-11( innovation)-30( in)-45( a)-32( context)-11( of)-48( maximizing)]TJ EMC /P <>BDC 0 -1.235 TD [(intellectual)-41( property.)-54( ARM)-13( Ltd.)-38( benefited)-4( from reduced)-34( control)-58( over)-55( the)-22( development)-40( and)]TJ EMC /P <>BDC T* [(manufacturing)-17( process)-28( of)-48( tech)-51( giants)-38( such)-6( as)-3( Samsung)-11( and)-38( Apple,)-47( which)-32( are)-26( increasingly)]TJ EMC /P <>BDC 0 -1.235 TD [(integrating)-37( externally)-15( developed)-33( technologies)-33( into)-35( their)-55( products.)-5( The)-42( particularity)-6( of)-48( ARM)]TJ EMC /P <>BDC 0 -1.235 TD 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